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- The Japanese Consumer
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- Your company should carefully consider the characteristics
- and preferences of the over 123 million consumers in Japan.
- Japanese consumers are the most discriminating shoppers in
- the world. They have become increasingly sophisticated in
- their tastes and demand high quality and good after-sales
- service in the products they purchase. After-sales service
- in Japan is an "attitude." It is not uncommon for a
- Japanese manufacturer to apologize for a breakdown in a
- piece of machinery it serviced two years ago when the
- customer returns to purchase another product. The Japanese
- also continue to be rather brand-conscious, but a trend
- toward individuality has been noticeable in recent years.
- The Japanese make greater demands in terms of the
- appearance of a product. Packaging is a very important
- factor in marketing. For example, the gift-giving market
- in Japan is very large. However, great emphasis is placed
- upon the packaging with less importance placed on the gift
- itself (typically in the $10-$15 price range). In
- addition, for trade shows, the presentation of the product
- and the booth is as important as the product itself.
- Remember, image is everything in Japan.
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- The standard of living in Japan is relatively high,
- although housing standards and the amount of leisure time
- are lower than in other industrialized countries. Medical
- care in Japan is good, a nationalized health care system is
- in place, and the Japanese life expectancy is among the
- highest in the world. The Japanese education system is
- topnotch and the literacy rate is approximately 99 percent.
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- According to the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO),
- Japanese families tend to spend the largest part of their
- monthly income on food (27 percent), followed by hobbies
- and leisure (12 percent), housing (5 percent), and clothing
- (5 percent). Monthly expenditures on leisure have been
- increasing recently as the Japanese economy becomes more
- consumer-oriented. Homes in Japan, particularly urban
- areas, are very small. This fact should be taken into
- account by your company because the lack of storage area in
- most homes limits the amount and size of Japanese
- purchases. Furniture and appliances therefore must be
- scaled down in size in order to fit into most Japanese
- homes. Likewise, since the Japanese tend to be smaller
- physically than Westerners, clothing and shoe sizes should
- be scaled down to fit the local standards.
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- The consumer market in Japan is segmented according to
- factors such as age, sex, income level, and lifestyle.
- While the mass media's nationwide influence and
- standardized education have contributed to the homogeneity
- of the Japanese population, regional differences exist in
- areas such as climate and cuisine. Tastes vary
- tremendously depending on age and sex in Japan. Like their
- American counterparts, Japanese young people tend to enjoy
- trendy items. Japanese college students have more leisure
- time than junior or senior high school students. The
- average male white-collar worker in Japan spends a portion
- of his salary on dining, alcohol, lunch, golf, cigarettes,
- hobbies and leisure. A noteworthy trend of equivalent wage
- earning females is that they spend more money than their
- male counterparts. These women, along with single males
- and students, are leaders in consumer spending in Japanese
- society due to their high incomes and large discretionary
- spending habits. After men join the work force, they become
- more conservative and usually have less money for
- discretionary spending. Until marriage, young working
- women usually live at home. Once married, they tend to
- leave their jobs in order to manage their households,
- including the family budget. Another significant change in
- the consumer market is the graying of Japanese society as
- more and more Japanese are nearing retirement. Retired
- persons tend to have more leisure time and more
- discretionary income.
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- How to Please the Japanese Consumer
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- The following tips should help you satisfy the needs of
- your potential customers:
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- Give a High Level of Support to Customers: In virtually
- every product or service sector, markets in Japan are
- competitive to a degree unknown in most other countries.
- Consequently, Japanese buyers, agents, and distributors at
- all levels of the distribution chain are accustomed to
- receiving a higher level of support than many foreign
- suppliers normally provide. Suppliers commonly provide
- comprehensive personnel services, including actual staffing
- of retail points of sale and training of the buyers'
- personnel. Suppliers also work with buyers to help develop
- uses and applications for products.
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- Know Every Detail: Because large numbers of companies are
- struggling to increase market share in all sectors, they
- have become adept at identifying small niches in their
- sector and being the first or best at creating products
- meeting specialized demands in those niches. Successful
- differentiation of your product is necessary to set your
- product apart from the competition.
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- Design for the Market: The fragmentation of sectors into a
- multitude of small, specialized niches and the willingness
- of Japanese companies to create products to fit those
- niches means suppliers must work closely with all levels of
- the distribution chain to provide products specifically
- designed for their target market. In the United States, a
- market is often created for a product; in Japan, the
- product must be tailored for a specific market.
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- Expect Small Orders at First: Small initial orders are a
- natural outgrowth of competition, differentiation, and the
- Japanese willingness to design for the market. The
- companies and people involved with a new product must
- assure themselves that the item will meet the specific
- needs of the customer by testing the market.
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- Emphasize Quality: Attention to quality standards is
- perhaps the most important aspect of the Japanese market.
- The Japanese are accustomed to high quality and they insist
- on it. The concept of quality applies not only to the
- product, but to its presentation as well. For instance, in
- day-to-day life, how food is presented and the way gifts
- are wrapped are just as important as the items themselves.
- Your firm must do its homework and be sure that items
- translated into Japanese are properly prepared and free of
- grammatical and typographical errors.
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- Recognize Japanese Sense of Structure: Japanese are proud
- of their strong sense of unity, organization, and
- structure. In group meetings, your firm should make clear
- through its actions who is the "point person" or senior
- spokesperson for the group. This action often can be
- accomplished through the use of business cards. Exchange
- of business cards is a necessary formality in business
- meetings, and it is advisable to have them translated into
- Japanese on the reverse side. Also, it is often a good
- idea in initial meetings to outline your company's
- structure and history.
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- Demonstrate Reliability: To succeed in Japan, it is very
- important to keep promises made and to respond promptly to
- communications from Japanese business and trading partners,
- especially when problems or emergencies arise. Reliability
- extends to permanence in the marketplace. The Japanese
- need to know that you will be in the market for the long
- term.
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